The float switch is a simple and reliable liquid level control device, widely used in water tanks, water towers, sewage treatment and other systems. Its working principle is based on the principle of buoyancy and mechanical linkage mechanism.

1.Working principle

The core components of a float level switch include the float, connecting rod (or magnetic mechanism), and microswitch (or reed switch). Its working process is as follows:

• Buoyancy effect: The float ball moves up and down as the liquid level rises and falls.
• Mechanical or magnetic trigger:
  • Mechanical type: The float ball drives the internal microswitch through the connecting rod to connect or disconnect the circuit when the liquid level reaches the set height.
  • Magnetic type: The float ball is equipped with an internal magnet. When the liquid level changes, the magnet approaches or moves away from the reed switch, causing its contacts to close or open.
• Circuit control: Changes in the switch status can start/stop the water pump, alarm device or other actuator, achieving automatic control.

2.Working mode

The float level switch can be configured with different working modes as required. Common ones include:

(1)Single-Point Control (Basic Mode)

• Normally Open (NO): Closes the circuit when liquid rises to the set point (e.g., starts a drainage pump).
• Normally Closed (NC): Opens the circuit when liquid reaches the set point (e.g., stops a filling pump).

(2)Dual-Point Control (High/Low Level)

• Low-Level Alarm: Triggers an alarm or activates filling when liquid drops below the minimum level.
• High-Level Alarm: Triggers an alarm or stops filling when liquid exceeds the maximum level to prevent overflow.

(3)Multi-point control (Customized type)

• Uses multiple floats or adjustable switches to achieve multi-stage monitoring (e.g., low-level alarm, mid-level maintenance, high-level shutdown).

3.Application advantages

(1)No External Power Required: Relies on mechanical/magnetic actuation for safe and reliable operation.

(2)Strong Interference Resistance: Works with water, oil, corrosive liquids, and other media.

(3)Flexible Installation: Can mount horizontally or vertically to fit different tank structures.

(4)Easy Maintenance: No complex electronics, ensuring long service life and low cost.

With their stability and cost-effectiveness, float level switches are the preferred solution for liquid level control in both industrial automation and residential applications.

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